Key Takeaways from Our Conversation with Dr. Sally Foote: When Veterinary Care Isn’t Safe—for Anyone

What happens when a patient is too aggressive for care? In our latest GuardianVets webinar, Dr. Sally Foote, DVM, CABC-IAABC, tackled this tough but critical topic: how to recognize when a patient cannot be safely handled, and how to navigate the medical, ethical, and emotional decisions that follow.

This wasn’t just a lecture—it was a reality check packed with practical tools, safety protocols, and compassionate advice for the entire veterinary team.

Here are some of the standout takeaways:

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1. Aggression Isn’t Just Biting—It Starts with a Stare

Aggression begins long before teeth sink in. Recognizing early warning signs—like stiffening, staring, and growling—is key to preventing escalation. Cats and dogs climb the “ladder of aggression” fast (0.1–0.2 seconds per step), and the climb down takes significantly longer.

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2. Some Patients Cannot Be Conditioned Out of Fear

Not every pet can be trained or medicated out of their aggression. Chronic pain, neurological differences, poor early socialization, or past trauma may prevent counter-conditioning from working. In these cases, safety—not perseverance—must guide care decisions.

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3. Five Factors Determine If Care is Safe

Dr. Foote shared her Five-Part Plan for deciding if care can be safely provided:

• Can the appointment be scheduled to avoid triggers?

• Is trained staff available?

• Has the client completed prep (e.g. muzzle training)?

• Is the space appropriate for low-stress handling?

• Will sedation reliably keep the patient below threshold?

If any one of these fails, it may not be safe—or ethical—to proceed.

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4. Medications Aren’t Magic

No cocktail guarantees success. Adrenaline can override even the strongest sedation, especially in highly reactive patients. Using combinations that access different brain pathways is essential, but still not foolproof.

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5. It’s Okay to Say No

Saying “we can’t safely care for this patient” is not failure—it’s responsible medicine. Objective tools like the canine and feline ladders of aggression help teams communicate clearly with clients and document the need to refer, defer, or, when necessary, discuss behavior euthanasia.

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6. Staff Safety and Patient Welfare Go Hand-in-Hand

Bites aren’t just physical injuries—they can lead to PTSD, lost confidence, and career-ending trauma for team members. Meanwhile, aggressive patients suffer too—from adrenaline surges, uncontrolled fear, and dangerous restraint. Protecting both is a clinical priority.

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Want to Dive Deeper?

Dr. Foote’s full presentation is available on-demand in the GuardianVets Learning Hub. You’ll get access to the Five-Part Safety Plan, resources for client communication, and downloadable behavior tools.

🎓 Click Here to Watch the Webinar On Demand
✅ RACE-approved CE available